Many hardware and software developers have started to integrate digital assistants into their products, such as Amazon’s Alexa, Google’s Assistant and Apple’s Siri. These assistants offer a number of services and benefits, and can even be activated remotely using voice commands. However, because these platforms rely on connecting to a remote server, they run the risk of sending your recorded conversations or even personal information to others without your knowledge.

How digital assistants work
Every digital assistant uses the same underlying technology to answer questions and fulfill requests. Here’s an overview of how assistants record audio, send data to remote servers and analyze requests in order to respond:

• Devices that activate with voice commands use a series of microphones to constantly take short recordings and listen for a word or short phrase that indicates someone’s making a request. If the device doesn’t detect the phrase, these short recordings are deleted without being sent to a remote server.
• Some digital assistants also start recording a request after a button press or other prompt on the device.
• Once the device detects that a request is finished, a recording is sent to one of the manufacturer’s servers. Advanced software programs then analyze it and send a response the device.
• Most manufacturers claim that all recordings and other personal data is encrypted and inaccessible to outsiders. However, many manufacturers also have internal teams analyze recordings in order to upgrade their digital assistants.

Protecting your information
No technology is perfect, and it’s possible for smart devices to take unintended recordings for a number of reasons, such as a misinterpreted phrase, background noise, a damaged microphone or tampering. And, because the process of sending recordings to servers happens in seconds, you may not have a chance to prevent your information from being sent elsewhere.

Here are some tips you can use to control when your devices take recordings and protect your data:

• Check your devices to see if there’s an option to configure the digital assistant’s settings. Depending on your device, you may be able to disable continuous recordings, require a physical button press or turn the digital assistant off altogether.
• Read through and delete your conversation history. Some manufacturers let users view transcripts of recordings using a digital assistant’s mobile app. This option lets you see if any sensitive information was recorded and erase anything you don’t want outsiders to see.
• Check the manufacturer’s policy to see if you can opt out of the process that allows their employees to analyze recordings remotely in order to improve digital assistants.
• Go into the settings on your smartphone and other mobile devices to see what apps can access your microphone. It’s possible for some services to access microphones without consent, and they may have made recordings without your knowledge.
• Regularly change the passwords of any accounts associated with digital assistants to protect both your settings and transcripts of recordings.
• Think about the best area to place smart speakers and other devices with digital assistants. For example, you may not want to place these devices in an area where you frequently speak about work-related activities or other sensitive information.

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According to a study published by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Monday, May 6, 2019, the active ingredients found in sunscreens can end up in the bloodstream at higher than recommended levels. The FDA says that this small study, which involved 23 volunteers, warrants conducting further safety studies.

The Study
The study evaluated one sunscreen cream, one lotion and two sprays. The 23 volunteers applied the specified sunscreen to 75% of their body four times a day for four days. Over the course of seven days, blood tests were conducted to determine the levels of certain chemicals absorbed into the bloodstream.
The study found the maximum plasma levels of avobenzone, oxybenzone and octocrylene (in one sunscreen, they also tested for ecamsule)—the active ingredients in sunscreen—to be above the level of 0.5 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). For example, the study found the avobenzone concentration to be 4 ng/mL and 3.4 ng/mL in the sprays, 1.8 ng/mL in the cream and 4.3 ng/mL in the lotion.
The 0.5 ng/mL level is significant because it’s the level at which FDA guidelines call for further safety testing.

What Does This Mean?
The effects of plasma concentration exceeding the FDA’s limit isn’t currently known. As such, the study’s research team called for further safety testing to be conducted. However, the research team stated that the results of this small study do not suggest that people should stop using sunscreen. Failing to use sunscreen can leave you vulnerable to the sun’s damaging ultraviolet rays.

What’s Next?
It’s likely that further safety testing on sunscreen and its active ingredients will be conducted. Until told otherwise, continue to use sunscreen as directed when you’re out in the sun to protect your skin.